The field of nanotechnology has been expanding rapidly, leading to the development of numerous nanoparticle-based products in medicine, cosmetics, and industry. Understanding and mitigating the immunotoxic effects of these nanoparticles is crucial for their safe application. For example, in medical applications, nanoparticles are often used as [drug delivery systems]() or [imaging agents](). If these nanoparticles induce immunotoxicity, they could compromise the immune system, leading to harmful consequences.
