What Factors Influence Immunotoxicity of Nanoparticles?
Several factors can influence the immunotoxicity of nanoparticles:
1. Size and Shape: Smaller nanoparticles generally have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, making them more reactive and potentially more immunotoxic. 2. Surface Chemistry: The surface properties, including charge and functional groups, can influence how nanoparticles interact with biological molecules and cells. 3. Composition: Different materials (e.g., gold, silver, carbon) have different levels of toxicity. 4. Dose and Exposure Duration: Higher doses and prolonged exposure can amplify immunotoxic effects. 5. Aggregation State: Nanoparticles can aggregate, altering their size and shape, and thereby their interaction with the immune system.
