What Challenges Exist in Nanoscale IC Fabrication?
Despite the advantages, several challenges must be addressed:
Manufacturing Precision: Achieving the required precision at the nanoscale is complex and demands advanced machinery and techniques. Material Limitations: Current materials may face limitations when scaled down, necessitating the exploration of new semiconductor materials like graphene. Heat Dissipation: Smaller circuits can lead to increased heat density, requiring innovative cooling solutions. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanical effects become significant, potentially affecting the behavior of electronic components.
