Conducting ex vivo assays typically involves several steps: 1. Sample Collection: Tissues, organs, or cells are harvested from an organism. 2. Sample Preparation: The collected samples are prepared and maintained in a controlled environment, often using specialized media to mimic physiological conditions. 3. Exposure to Nanomaterials: The prepared biological samples are then exposed to the nanomaterials under study. 4. Data Collection and Analysis: Various techniques such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and biochemical assays are used to observe and measure the interactions and effects.
