Enhanced activity is achieved through various methods, including:
1. Size Reduction: Reducing materials to the nanoscale can enhance their properties. For example, nanocatalysts have more active sites available for reactions.
2. Surface Modification: Functionalizing the surface of nanoparticles with specific molecules can improve their interaction with target molecules, enhancing their performance in applications like drug delivery and sensing.
3. Doping: Adding small amounts of other elements (doping) can significantly alter the electronic properties of nanomaterials, enhancing their conductivity or catalytic activity.
4. Composite Formation: Combining different types of nanomaterials can result in composite materials with enhanced properties. For example, incorporating carbon nanotubes into polymers can create materials with improved mechanical strength and electrical conductivity.
