Yes, defects can be controlled and even engineered to achieve desired properties:
Doping: Introducing foreign atoms can create specific types of defects to tailor electrical and optical properties. Annealing: Thermal treatments can heal some defects or redistribute them in a controlled manner. Strain Engineering: Applying mechanical stress can induce beneficial defects or modify existing ones. Surface Passivation: Coating or functionalizing surfaces can reduce surface defects.
