When nanocarriers deliver their cargo to cells, they are often internalized via endocytosis and become trapped in endosomes. If the cargo cannot escape from these endosomes, it may be degraded in lysosomes or fail to reach its target, rendering the treatment ineffective. Thus, successful endosomal escape is crucial for the intracellular delivery of many therapeutics, including gene therapy, RNA interference (RNAi), and protein delivery.
