Several factors contribute to the complexity of working at the nanoscale:
Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanics become critically important, influencing the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of materials. Surface Area: The increased surface area relative to volume enhances chemical reactivity and affects physical properties. Intermolecular Forces: Forces like van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions play a significant role. Self-Assembly: The tendency of molecules and nanoparticles to arrange themselves into ordered structures adds another layer of complexity.
