In Vitro Tests In vitro tests involve studying the effects of nanoparticles on cultured cells or tissues outside their natural biological context. These tests are typically used as preliminary screening tools to assess cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress.
In Vivo Tests In vivo tests involve evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles in living organisms, such as rodents or zebrafish. These tests provide a comprehensive understanding of the systemic effects of nanoparticles, including organ toxicity, immunotoxicity, and long-term exposure risks.
Ecotoxicological Tests Ecotoxicological tests assess the impact of nanoparticles on various environmental species, including aquatic organisms, soil microbes, and plants. These tests help in understanding the environmental fate and potential ecological hazards of nanoparticles.
