What Factors Influence Immune Response to Nanomaterials?
Several factors determine how the immune system responds to nanomaterials:
Size: Smaller nanoparticles are more likely to be taken up by cells but may also evade immune detection. Shape: The geometry of nanoparticles can influence cellular uptake and immune recognition. Surface Chemistry: Functional groups on the surface can affect protein binding and immune cell interaction. Charge: Positively charged nanoparticles are often more immunogenic than negatively charged or neutral ones. Coating Materials: Coatings such as PEGylation can reduce immune recognition and prolong circulation time.
