Several factors can influence the extent and impact of dermal exposure to nanoparticles: - Particle Size and Shape: Smaller particles and those with certain shapes may penetrate the skin more easily. - Surface Coating: The presence of coatings on nanoparticles can affect their interaction with the skin and their potential to cause irritation or other effects. - Concentration and Duration of Exposure: Higher concentrations and prolonged exposure can increase the likelihood of skin penetration and adverse effects. - Skin Condition: Healthy, intact skin is a more effective barrier compared to damaged or diseased skin.