What Are the Potential Immune Reactions to Nanoparticles?
The immune system can react to nanoparticles in several ways:
1. Complement Activation: Nanoparticles can trigger the complement system, leading to inflammation and clearance of the particles. 2. Cytokine Release: Immune cells may release cytokines, which can cause systemic inflammation and adverse reactions. 3. Allergic Reactions: In some cases, nanoparticles can induce hypersensitivity reactions, similar to allergies. 4. Immunogenicity: Nanoparticles may be recognized as antigens, leading to the production of antibodies and potential long-term immune responses.
