What Are the Key Factors Influencing Immune Reactions?
Several factors determine how the immune system responds to nanoparticles:
1. Size: Smaller nanoparticles tend to evade immune detection, while larger ones are more likely to be captured. 2. Shape: Spherical nanoparticles are less likely to trigger an immune response than rod-shaped or irregularly shaped ones. 3. Surface Chemistry: Functional groups on the nanoparticle surface can either enhance or suppress immune responses. 4. Coating and Functionalization: Surface modifications, like PEGylation, can reduce immunogenicity and prolong circulation time.
