Green Synthesis
Green synthesis is a method of producing nanoparticles using biological organisms or environmentally benign chemicals. This approach often involves the use of plant extracts, bacteria, or fungi to synthesize nanoparticles. It eliminates the need for toxic chemicals and high-energy processes. For example, silver nanoparticles can be synthesized using plant extracts, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agents.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
Microwave-assisted synthesis is an energy-efficient method that uses microwave radiation to heat the reaction mixture quickly and uniformly. This technique reduces reaction times and energy consumption compared to conventional heating methods. It is particularly useful for producing a wide range of nanoparticles with controlled sizes and shapes.
Sol-Gel Process
The sol-gel process is a low-temperature method for producing nanomaterials. It involves the transition of a system from a liquid "sol" into a solid "gel" phase. This method is energy-efficient and allows for precise control over the composition and morphology of the nanoparticles. It is widely used to produce metal oxides, which have applications in sensors, catalysts, and coatings.
Electrospinning
Electrospinning is a technique used to produce nanofibers from polymer solutions or melts. It involves applying a high voltage to the polymer solution, which creates a fine jet that solidifies into nanofibers. This method is not only versatile but also energy-efficient, making it suitable for producing nanofibers for applications in filtration, tissue engineering, and protective clothing.
