What Are the Challenges in Nano-Fabrication of ICs?
Despite its potential, the nano-fabrication of integrated circuits comes with several challenges:
- Precision and Accuracy: Achieving the required precision at the nanoscale is technically demanding and expensive. - Material Limitations: Current semiconductor materials may not always be suitable for nanoscale applications, necessitating the development of new materials. - Heat Dissipation: As the density of transistors increases, so does the heat generated, posing a challenge for thermal management. - Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanical effects can become significant, potentially affecting the predictable behavior of components.
