Denaturation is studied using various analytical techniques to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and biological molecules:
- Spectroscopy: Techniques like circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy can monitor changes in protein conformation. - Microscopy: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can visualize protein-nanomaterial interactions at the nanoscale. - Calorimetry: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measures heat changes associated with protein denaturation.
