Several techniques exist to achieve controlled porosity in nanomaterials:
1. Template-Assisted Synthesis: This method involves using a template material with a desired pore structure, which is then removed after forming the target material. 2. Self-Assembly: Molecules or nanoparticles self-organize into a predefined structure, often driven by forces like hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces. 3. Sol-Gel Processes: This chemical method involves the transition of a solution into a solid gel, allowing for precise control over the pore size and distribution. 4. Etching: Selective etching techniques can remove specific parts of a material, creating pores with high precision.
