Nanoparticles enhance gene delivery through several mechanisms:
1. Protection from Degradation: Nanoparticles protect genetic material from nuclease degradation, ensuring that it remains intact until it reaches the target cells. 2. Enhanced Cellular Uptake: The small size and surface properties of nanoparticles facilitate their uptake by cells through endocytosis or direct membrane penetration. 3. Targeting Specific Cells: Nanoparticles can be functionalized with targeting ligands, such as antibodies or peptides, to direct them to specific cell types or tissues. 4. Controlled Release: Nanoparticles can be designed to release their payload in a controlled manner, improving the efficiency and duration of gene expression.
