Nanomaterials can interact with biological systems in ways that lead to the generation or scavenging of ROS. The surface properties, size, shape, and composition of nanomaterials significantly influence their interaction with ROS. For instance, certain nanoparticles like titanium dioxide (TiOâ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) can generate ROS when exposed to UV light. Conversely, some nanomaterials such as cerium oxide (CeOâ) nanoparticles have antioxidant properties and can scavenge ROS.
