ROS can be generated through various methods in the context of nanotechnology:
Photocatalysis: Certain nanoparticles like titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) can produce ROS when exposed to light, particularly UV light. Surface Reactions: The large surface area of nanoparticles provides a platform for catalytic reactions that can generate ROS. Chemical Reactions: Some nanoparticles can facilitate redox reactions that produce ROS as intermediates or by-products. Biological Interactions: Interaction of nanoparticles with cellular components can lead to the mitochondrial production of ROS.
