Direct measurements are essential for several reasons: 1. Accuracy and Precision: They provide accurate and precise data about the size, shape, and distribution of nanomaterials. 2. Validation: They are used to validate theoretical models and simulations. 3. Quality Control: Ensures the consistency and reliability of nanomaterials in industrial applications. 4. Fundamental Research: Helps in understanding fundamental physical, chemical, and biological properties at the nanoscale.