At the nanoscale, materials exhibit quantum mechanical behaviors that are not present at larger scales. These effects can lead to unexpected physical, chemical, and electronic properties. For example, [quantum dots]() exhibit size-dependent optical properties, which can be advantageous for applications like imaging and photovoltaics, but also add layers of complexity and unpredictability. The behavior of electrons, photons, and other particles at this scale is governed by probabilities rather than certainties, making it challenging to predict outcomes precisely.
