Which Nanomaterials are Commonly Used in Biosensing?
1. Carbon Nanotubes: Known for their excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, carbon nanotubes are widely used in electrochemical biosensors for detecting DNA, proteins, and small molecules.
2. Graphene: This single layer of carbon atoms not only offers high electrical conductivity but also provides a large surface area, making it ideal for both electrochemical and optical biosensors.
3. Gold Nanoparticles: These are extensively used due to their ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, and unique optical properties like surface plasmon resonance, which is useful in colorimetric and optical biosensors.
4. Quantum Dots: Semiconductor nanocrystals that exhibit size-tunable fluorescence, quantum dots are highly effective in optical biosensing applications due to their brightness and stability.
