Several techniques are employed to manipulate grain boundaries:
Thermomechanical Processing: This involves controlled deformation and annealing processes to modify the grain structure and boundary characteristics. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): A technique that allows for the precise control of thin film growth at the atomic scale, influencing grain boundary formation. Nanoparticle Reinforcement: Introducing nanoparticles into a material can pin grain boundaries and refine the grain structure. Grain Boundary Migration: Techniques like strain-induced boundary migration can be used to control the position and characteristics of grain boundaries.
