Several types of interactions are considered when studying discrete atomic interactions. These include:
Van der Waals Forces: Weak attractive forces between atoms or molecules that arise from induced electrical interactions. Covalent Bonds: Strong chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Ionic Bonds: Electrostatic forces between positively and negatively charged ions. Hydrogen Bonds: Weak interactions involving a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Metallic Bonds: The attraction between free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions.
