surface atoms

What Techniques Are Used to Study Surface Atoms?

Several advanced techniques are employed to study surface atoms and their properties. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are commonly used to visualize surface atoms at the nanoscale. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) are techniques used to analyze the chemical composition and electronic states of surface atoms. These tools provide valuable insights into the behavior of surface atoms, which is essential for the design and optimization of nanomaterials.

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