In nanomedicine, surface atoms are crucial for the functionalization of nanoparticles, which is essential for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostic applications. By modifying the surface atoms, nanoparticles can be engineered to interact specifically with certain biological molecules or cells. This targeted approach minimizes side effects and enhances the efficacy of the treatment. For instance, gold nanoparticles are often functionalized with antibodies or peptides to specifically target cancer cells, making them powerful tools in cancer therapy.
