limited to surface studies

What Techniques are Used in Surface Studies?

Various advanced techniques are employed to study surfaces at the nanoscale:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Provides high-resolution imaging of surface topography.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): Allows for atomic-level imaging and manipulation of surfaces.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Analyzes surface chemistry and elemental composition.
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES): Used for surface chemical analysis.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS): Provides detailed surface composition and depth profiling.

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