Despite the advancements, surface studies in nanotechnology face several challenges:
Characterization: Achieving accurate and reproducible surface characterization at the nanoscale is complex. Contamination: Surfaces are highly susceptible to contamination from the environment, which can alter their properties. Stability: Ensuring the stability of nanomaterial surfaces under operational conditions is challenging. Scalability: Translating lab-scale surface modifications to industrial-scale production is difficult. Integration: Integrating nanomaterials with desired surface properties into existing technologies requires precise control.
