What Techniques are Used for Monitoring Nanoprocesses?
Several advanced techniques are employed to monitor nanoprocesses, including:
1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): This technique uses focused beams of electrons to produce high-resolution images of nanostructures. 2. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM provides topographical maps at the nanoscale by measuring the force between a sharp probe and the sample surface. 3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM offers detailed images by transmitting electrons through a thin sample. 4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): This method is used to determine the crystalline structure of nanomaterials. 5. Raman Spectroscopy: This technique analyzes vibrational modes in a material, providing insights into its molecular structure and interactions.
