A variety of materials can be used for encapsulation, including polymers, lipids, proteins, and inorganic materials. The choice of material depends on the intended application, the nature of the active ingredient, and the desired release characteristics. Commonly used materials include:
Liposomes: Phospholipid-based vesicles that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. Polymeric nanoparticles: Made from biodegradable polymers like PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan. Dendrimers: Highly branched, tree-like structures that can host multiple molecules. Silica nanoparticles: Provide a rigid, porous structure for encapsulation.
