A variety of techniques are used to measure biological descriptors. Some of the common methods include:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy are used to analyze molecular properties. Microscopy: Electron and confocal microscopy are employed to study cellular and subcellular structures. Genomic sequencing: Methods like PCR and next-generation sequencing are used to analyze genomic descriptors. Mass spectrometry: This is used for proteomic analysis to identify and quantify proteins.
