What Factors Affect the Immunogenicity of Nanomaterials?
Several factors can affect the immunogenicity of nanomaterials, including:
Particle Size: Smaller nanoparticles are often taken up more readily by cells, which can lead to a more robust immune response. Surface Charge: Positively charged particles are more likely to interact with cell membranes and proteins, potentially increasing immunogenicity. Shape: The shape of nanoparticles can influence their cellular uptake and distribution, affecting how they interact with the immune system. Surface Modifications: Coating nanoparticles with polymers, peptides, or other molecules can either shield them from the immune system or target them to specific immune cells. Biodegradability: Biodegradable nanoparticles may be less likely to provoke a long-term immune response compared to non-biodegradable ones.
