Despite significant advancements, several challenges remain in fabricating nanoscale devices:
Precision and Control: Achieving atomic-level precision and control over material properties is challenging due to quantum effects and thermal fluctuations. Scalability: Scaling up fabrication techniques for industrial production while maintaining high quality and reproducibility is difficult. Integration: Integrating nanoscale devices with existing technologies and systems, such as microelectronics, poses significant challenges. Cost: The high cost of advanced fabrication equipment and materials limits the widespread adoption of nanotechnology.
