Food safety is a critical aspect of the food supply chain, and nanotechnology can play a crucial role here. Nanoparticles can be used to develop smart packaging systems that monitor the freshness of food products. These systems can change color to indicate spoilage or contamination, providing an additional layer of safety for consumers. Furthermore, nano-encapsulation techniques can be used to enhance the shelf life of perishable foods by protecting them from oxidation and microbial contamination.