What Challenges Does Nanotechnology Face in Chip Manufacturing?
As transistors reach nanometer scales, several challenges arise:
Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum mechanical effects become significant, affecting the behavior of electrons and potentially causing leakage currents and other issues. Heat Dissipation: Smaller transistors generate more heat per unit area, posing cooling challenges that must be addressed to prevent overheating and ensure reliability. Manufacturing Precision: Achieving the required precision at the nanoscale requires advanced equipment and techniques, increasing complexity and cost.
