Dielectric breakdown can be caused by several factors, including:
1. High Electric Field: When the electric field across a dielectric material exceeds its breakdown strength, it can lead to a sudden increase in current. 2. Material Defects: Imperfections in the dielectric material, such as voids or impurities, can localize electric fields, making breakdown more likely. 3. Thermal Effects: High temperatures can increase carrier mobility, leading to higher current density and potential breakdown. 4. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum tunneling can occur, where electrons pass through a dielectric material, initiating breakdown.
