Despite the promising applications, several challenges remain. One significant issue is the energy efficiency of these devices. Currently, the power consumption of flapping wing MAVs is higher than desired, limiting their operational time. Another challenge is the miniaturization of power sources and control systems to fit within the small form factor required for these vehicles. Additionally, creating durable yet flexible wings that can withstand repeated flapping over extended periods is a materials science challenge that researchers are actively working to solve.
