The TRL scale ranges from 1 to 9, with each level representing a different stage of development:
TRL 1: Basic principles are observed and reported. At this stage, scientific research begins to translate into applied research and development (R&D).
TRL 2: Technology concept and/or application formulated. This involves speculative ideas about potential applications of the nanotechnology.
TRL 3: Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept. Here, active R&D is initiated, including
theoretical studies and laboratory-based experiments.
TRL 4: Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment. Basic technological components are integrated to establish that they work together.
TRL 5: Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment. This stage involves testing in a simulated environment that mimics real-world conditions.
TRL 6: System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment. A prototype is developed and tested in conditions that are close to the operational environment.
TRL 7: System prototype demonstration in an operational environment. The prototype is tested in its intended operational setting.
TRL 8: Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration. The technology is fully integrated into a system and tested in the real world.
TRL 9: Actual system proven in operational environment. The technology is fully operational and has been successfully deployed.
