There are several methods for synthesizing nanomaterials, broadly categorized into two approaches: top-down and bottom-up methods.
Top-Down Approaches In top-down approaches, larger bulk materials are broken down into nanoscale particles. Techniques include mechanical milling, lithography, and etching. While these methods can effectively produce nanomaterials, they often suffer from limitations such as lack of precise control over particle size and shape.
Bottom-Up Approaches Bottom-up approaches involve the assembly of nanomaterials from atomic or molecular precursors. Common techniques include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel processes, and self-assembly. These methods offer better control over the final structure and properties of the nanomaterials.
