1. Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT): This treaty simplifies the process of filing patents in multiple countries. A single international application can be filed, which is then examined by individual national or regional patent offices. 2. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property: This allows inventors to file a patent in one member country and claim the filing date in other member countries, provided the subsequent applications are filed within 12 months. 3. TRIPS Agreement: The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement mandates minimum standards for patent protection in all World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries, ensuring a baseline level of protection.
