Cantilever and Tip: The cantilever is a flexible beam with a sharp tip at the end that interacts with the surface. Laser: A laser beam is used to detect the deflection of the cantilever. Photodetector: This component detects the position of the laser beam to measure cantilever deflections. Piezoelectric Scanner: This allows fine control over the movement of the tip in three dimensions (x, y, and z).
