The impacts of chemical fouling on nanotechnology are multifaceted: - Reduced Efficiency: Fouling can impede the performance of membranes used in filtration and separation processes. - Increased Energy Consumption: More energy may be required to maintain flow rates and pressures in fouled systems. - Degradation of Material Properties: The intrinsic properties of nanomaterials, such as their surface area and reactivity, can be compromised. - Shortened Lifespan: Devices and materials subjected to fouling may have a reduced operational lifespan.