Several methods are used for modifying nanomaterials, each with its own advantages and challenges:
1. Chemical Functionalization: This involves attaching chemical groups to the surface of nanomaterials to alter their properties. For instance, adding hydrophilic groups can make nanoparticles more dispersible in water.
2. Physical Modification: Techniques like plasma treatment or irradiation can change the surface properties of nanomaterials without altering their core structure.
3. Biological Modification: Using biological molecules like DNA, proteins, or peptides to modify nanomaterials can enhance their biocompatibility and specificity in biomedical applications.
