Despite their advantages, there are several challenges associated with the use of nanofluids. These include:
Stability: Nanoparticles tend to settle over time, leading to sedimentation and loss of properties. Cost: High-quality nanoparticles and specialized preparation methods can be expensive. Compatibility: Ensuring that nanoparticles do not react adversely with the base fluid or system materials. Environmental and health risks: Nanoparticles may pose risks during handling and disposal.
