How is Mechanical Strain Applied to Nanomaterials?
Mechanical strain can be applied to nanomaterials through several methods:
Mechanical Loading: Direct application of force using mechanical actuators. Thermal Expansion: Heating the material to induce expansion and subsequent strain. Substrate Curvature: Depositing nanomaterials on pre-stressed or curved substrates. Electromechanical Actuation: Using electric fields to induce mechanical deformation.
