Hysteresis is typically measured using various techniques depending on the type of stimulus involved:
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM): This technique is used to measure magnetic hysteresis, where a sample is exposed to a varying magnetic field and the resulting magnetization is recorded. Electrical Characterization: Current-voltage (I-V) curves are used to study electrical hysteresis in nano-devices. By applying a voltage sweep and recording the current response, the hysteresis loop can be plotted. Mechanical Testing: Nanoindentation and other mechanical testing methods can measure hysteresis in nanostructured materials by cyclically applying and removing loads and recording the material's response.
