instrumentation complexity

What are the Key Instruments in Nanotechnology?

Several key instruments are commonly used in nanotechnology research:
Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM): These microscopes provide high-resolution images by scanning a sample with a focused beam of electrons.
Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM): TEMs offer even higher resolution by transmitting electrons through a thin sample.
Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM): AFMs measure the surface topography of a sample by scanning it with a fine probe.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM): STMs use quantum tunneling to achieve atomic-level resolution of a sample's surface.

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