Thermophoresis occurs due to the interaction between the temperature gradient in a fluid and the particles suspended in it. When a fluid is subjected to a temperature gradient, the molecules of the fluid at the hotter region possess higher kinetic energy compared to those at the cooler region. This energy disparity creates a force that drives the particles from the hot to the cold region. The exact nature of this force can depend on factors such as particle size, shape, and the properties of the fluid.
