The fundamental principle of electrospinning involves the application of a high voltage to a polymer solution or melt. This creates an electric field that induces a charge on the surface of the liquid, causing it to form a conical shape known as a Taylor cone. As the electric field strength increases, a jet of the polymer fluid is ejected from the tip of the cone. The jet undergoes stretching and thinning due to electrostatic repulsion, eventually solidifying into nanofibers that are collected on a grounded substrate.
